Sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rden sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer almakta, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da \u2018\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u2019 veya \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sekt\u00f6r\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada \u2018sivil toplum\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez ortaya atan Aristoteles\u2019tir. Filozofun ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018politike koinonia\u2019 kavram\u0131 Latince\u2019ye \u2018sociates civilis\u2019 olarak aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fcnyada, devletin \u00f6nde oldu\u011fu bir anlay\u0131\u015f yerini sivil inisiyatifin merkez oldu\u011fu yeni bir anlay\u0131\u015fa b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Son yirmi otuz y\u0131ld\u0131r \u2018sivil inisiyatifin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u2019 slogan olman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mekte ve sivil inisiyatif her alanda ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gerek bireylerin, gerekse toplumlar\u0131n potansiyellerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilmesini sa\u011flayan \u00f6nc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 sivil inisiyatiftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ulusal d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu kadar uluslararas\u0131, milletler \u00fcst\u00fc ve k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde de sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6zelinde bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin s\u00fcrece ancak zay\u0131f bir kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmektedir. \u00dclkemizdeki hantal b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131lanma ve politika \u00fcretenlerin y\u00f6neti\u015fim yerine y\u00f6netim y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tercih kullanmalar\u0131, bu \u2018zay\u0131f\u2019 kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n, \u2018g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u2019 kat\u0131l\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesindeki engellerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmi\u015ftir. Bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak, \u00fclkemizde demokrasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fimi yava\u015f seyretmi\u015f ve sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde dinamik ve alternatif bir yakla\u015f\u0131m geli\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir. Bu durum beraberinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme modeli olarak kat\u0131 bir merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve b\u00fcrokratik i\u015fleyi\u015fi getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de aktif siyasette ve toplumsal alanda 1980\u2018li y\u0131llardan itibaren giderek artan s\u0131kl\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan \u2018sivil toplum\u2019 kavram\u0131, eylem yahut s\u00f6yleme dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekten var m\u0131d\u0131r? Oryantalist g\u00f6z\u00fc ile bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda do\u011fuda sivil toplum hi\u00e7bir zaman olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira sivil toplum kavram\u0131 bat\u0131da, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k, yurtta\u015fl\u0131k gibi kavramlarla e\u015f zamanl\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f, do\u011fuda ise sivil toplum pop\u00fcler hale geldikten sonra vak\u0131f, dernek vb. kurulu\u015flar analoji yoluyla sivil toplumla ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ekten de sivil toplum kavram\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk toplumunun zihninde i\u015fgal etti\u011fi semantik yap\u0131 kavramsal bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveden ziyade olay temelli yorumlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, depremde sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sorgulanmas\u0131 gereken bir di\u011fer konu da, \u00fclkemizdeki sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yeterince sivil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00fclkemizin kritik d\u00f6nemlerinde bir\u00e7ok sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn sergiledi\u011fi duru\u015fun, \u00fclke ekonomisi ve siyaseti \u00fczerinde nitel ve nicel a\u00e7\u0131dan etkili olmas\u0131 beklenirken, zaman zaman d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurdurarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcnden faydalanma giri\u015fimleri de olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta ola\u011fan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bu davran\u0131\u015flar, uzun vadede demokrasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fmas\u0131ndaki engellerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6,1 milyar ki\u015fiye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bu rakam\u0131n 9 milyara ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. (Population Reference Bureau, 2006). Yani, insanlar art\u0131k k\u00fcresel bir k\u00f6yde 9 milyar kom\u015fusuyla birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015farmak zorunda kalacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesine bir d\u00fcnyada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet olabilmek, e\u011fitimin kamuya mal olmu\u015f bir sorun olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ve sivil inisiyatifin \u00f6neminin artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda e\u011fitim yaln\u0131zca politika \u00fcretenlerin inisiyatifine b\u0131rak\u0131lamayacak kadar \u00f6nemli bir konudur. Asl\u0131nda kamuya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 seksen be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fte nereye geldi\u011fimiz de ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6re her zamankinden daha \u00f6nemli bir rol d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Politika yap\u0131c\u0131lara ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere uygulanabilir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00f6nerebilmek, y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n etkili bir \u015fekilde izlenmesini sa\u011flamak, kamuoyunu bilgilendirme ve bilin\u00e7lendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmak ve \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 projeler \u00fcretmek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleridir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilebilmesi ve etki sahibi olmas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelebilmesi i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m \u00f6zellikler olmazsa olmaz \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130ktidar odaklar\u0131na veya siyasi yap\u0131lara olan mesafe, ekonomik \u00f6zerklik, \u015feffafl\u0131k, kamu yarar\u0131, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, bilimselli\u011fe dayal\u0131 olma ve \u00e7o\u011fulculuk gibi \u00f6zellikler ile bir sivil toplum kurulu\u015funun misyonu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fikirlerin ve y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir olmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6zellikler, o sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcstlendi\u011fi misyonu ba\u015far\u0131yla yerine getirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu ba\u015far\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumda var olan alg\u0131lar\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirecek, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin belli bir menfaat amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar ve bask\u0131 guruplar\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirecektir. Asl\u0131nda son y\u0131llarda e\u011fitim ile ilgili sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r ile devlet ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayal\u0131 projelerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne daha fazla katk\u0131da bulunmak istemesi, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z projeler ve ayr\u0131lan fonlar \u00fcmit vadeden projeler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye, \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tarihten getirdi\u011fi \u00f6nemli sorunlar olan ve olduk\u00e7a kalabal\u0131k gen\u00e7 bir n\u00fcfusu e\u011fitme ve istihdam etme mecburiyetinde bir \u00fclke olarak devasa sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizdeki sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, temsili demokrasiden kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015fi s\u00fcratle sa\u011flamam\u0131zla sonuca ula\u015fabilecektir. Yani, se\u00e7imden se\u00e7ime ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkiyle kald\u0131r\u0131lan parmaklarla y\u00f6netilen de\u011fil, t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7te toplumun istek ve beklentilerini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileriyle ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r yoluyla y\u00f6neti\u015fime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilmi\u015f bir yap\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilecektir. Sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rden sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer almakta, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da \u2018\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u2019 veya \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sekt\u00f6r\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada \u2018sivil toplum\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez ortaya atan Aristoteles\u2019tir. Filozofun ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018politike koinonia\u2019 kavram\u0131 Latince\u2019ye \u2018sociates civilis\u2019 olarak aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fcnyada, devletin \u00f6nde oldu\u011fu bir anlay\u0131\u015f yerini sivil inisiyatifin merkez oldu\u011fu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[186,190,198,230],"class_list":["post-211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-sektor","tag-selcuk-pehlivanoglu","tag-sivil-toplum-orgutleri","tag-turk-egitim-dernegi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=211"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1930,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211\/revisions\/1930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"