T\u00fcrkiye e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce bir tercih yapm\u0131\u015f ve liseler 4 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin maliyet-fayda a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan analizi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? Liselerin d\u00f6rt y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n ne t\u00fcr bir getirisi olmu\u015ftur? M\u00fcfredat buna g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f midir? Bu al\u0131nan karar\u0131n \u00fcniversite kap\u0131s\u0131ndaki y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131n azalmas\u0131nda herhangi bir etkisi olmu\u015f mudur? Bu t\u00fcrden al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimin ihmal edilmesi pahas\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmekte midir?<\/p>\n
Son y\u0131llarda \u2018okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim\u2019 yerine \u2018erken \u00e7ocukluk e\u011fitimi\u2019 terimi kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 0-6 ya\u015f bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fiminin en h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u0131llard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde gerekli e\u011fitim ve deste\u011fin verilip verilmemesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n daha sonraki ya\u015flardaki geli\u015fimi olumlu ya da olumsuz olarak etkilenmektedir. Fayda-maliyet analizleri erken d\u00f6nemdeki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitimine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapman\u0131n, gerek bireysel gerekse toplumsal olarak uzun vadede b\u00fcy\u00fck getirisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7, de\u011fi\u015fen aile yap\u0131s\u0131, istihdam, kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm-do\u011fum oranlar\u0131 gibi demografik sebeplere dayal\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkiye gibi n\u00fcfus ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc profili \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen toplumlarda erken \u00e7ocukluk e\u011fitimi b\u00fcy\u00fck yarar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimde; 3-5 ya\u015f gurubunda d\u00fcnya genelinde 203 \u00fclke i\u00e7in okulla\u015fma oran\u0131 % 37 iken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ayn\u0131 ya\u015f gurubu i\u00e7in % 8\u2019dir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 4-5 ya\u015f gurubu i\u00e7in okulla\u015fma oran\u0131 % 4.45; 6 ya\u015f gurubunda 29.84\u2019t\u00fcr. 4-6 ya\u015f gurubu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okulla\u015fma oran\u0131 ise %13.11\u2019dir. Yani, 6 ya\u015fa kadar sa\u011flanan okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim son derece yetersizdir. Bu ekonomik yetersizlikle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak bir durumdur, ancak g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015fli\u011fin bir sonucudur. UNESCO\u2019nun 2007 K\u00fcresel \u0130zleme Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re 203 \u00fclkenin 107\u2019sinde zorunlu e\u011fitim 6 ya\u015f \u00e7ocuklarla ba\u015flamakta; 33 \u00fclkede ise 4-5 ya\u015f gurubu \u00e7ocuklar zorunlu e\u011fitime ba\u015flamaktad\u0131rlar. Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015fundan bu g\u00fcne kadar okulla\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131nda ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi \u00f6n plana alan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilenmi\u015f, okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim ihmal edilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011fretim kademelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi erken \u00e7ocukluk e\u011fitiminde de bir sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretmen arz\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeldir. \u00dcniversitelerdeki okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim programlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k kontenjanlar\u0131 1813\u2019\u00fc normal e\u011fitim, 392\u2019si ikinci \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 2205 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. A.\u00dc. A\u00e7\u0131k \u00d6\u011fretim Fak\u00fcltesi Okul \u00d6ncesi \u00d6\u011fretmenli\u011fi Program\u0131nda 2050 kontenjan bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n gelecekteki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillendi\u011fi 0-6 ya\u015f gurubu \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi i\u00e7in, uygulama yetersizli\u011finin oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011fretimde \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumun vahametini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6\u011fretmenler farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan yeti\u015fmektedirler. \u00dcniversitelerin 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u2018okul \u00f6ncesi \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi\u2019, 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u2018\u00e7ocuk geli\u015fimi ve e\u011fitimi\u2019, 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u2018s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi\u2019, 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u2018\u00e7ocuk geli\u015fimi\u2019, k\u0131z meslek liselerinin \u2018\u00e7ocuk geli\u015fimi ve e\u011fitimi\u2019 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden mezun olanlar okul \u00f6ncesinde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapabilmektedirler. Yani bu e\u011fitim kademesi i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirmede olduk\u00e7a da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir yap\u0131 mevcuttur. Sa\u011fl\u0131k meslek liselerinin \u2018hem\u015firelik\u2019 programlar\u0131ndan mezun olanlar da MEB ve Sosyal Hizmetler ve \u00c7ocuk Esirgeme Kurumu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedirler. Bu durumda ayn\u0131 standart ve kalitede \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim uygulama modelleri incelendi\u011finde ise daha \u00e7ok kurum temelli e\u011fitim modellerinin benimsendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunlar 3-6 ya\u015f i\u00e7in Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zel ya da resmi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z anaokullar\u0131, 5-6 ya\u015f i\u00e7in (\u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde) \u00f6zel ya da resmi anas\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ve 3-6 ya\u015f i\u00e7in (k\u0131z meslek liseleri b\u00fcnyesinde) uygulama anaokullar\u0131 ve anas\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal Hizmetler ve \u00c7ocuk Esirgeme Kurumu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar ise 0-3 ya\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00fcnd\u00fcz bak\u0131mevleri 3-6 ya\u015f i\u00e7in kre\u015fler ve \u00e7ocuk yuvalar\u0131 ve 657 Say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununa g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131lan, \u00fcniversiteler ve belediyeler gibi kurum ve kurulu\u015flara ba\u011fl\u0131 okul\u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve di\u011fer kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da okul\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem \u00e7ocu\u011funu ve \u00e7evresini \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u011fitim programlar\u0131yla desteklemektedirler. Anne \u00c7ocuk E\u011fitim Vakf\u0131n\u0131n (A\u00c7EV) Okul \u00f6ncesi E\u011fitim \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Anne-\u00c7ocuk E\u011fitim Program\u0131 (A\u00c7EP) bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda okul modellerinde de bir da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131k mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle ilk a\u015famada 60-72 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nem zorunlu e\u011fitim kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun hale getirilmesi gereklidir. Okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimde \u00f6\u011fretmen, y\u00f6netici, denetici ve di\u011fer personelin hem niceli\u011fi hem de niteli\u011finde iyile\u015ftirilmeye gidilmelidir. Okul \u00f6ncesi kurumlar i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftiren programlarda belli bir standart sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereklidir. Okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimde \u00f6\u011fretmen arz\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel ya da resmi anaokullar\u0131n\u0131n rehberlik uzman\u0131 ve psikolog ihtiyac\u0131 giderilmelidir. S\u0131n\u0131f mevcutlar\u0131 ve fiziksel ko\u015fullarla ilgili iyile\u015ftirilmeye gidilmelidir. Sosyo-ekonomik \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dezavantajl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara \u00f6ncelik verilmelidir. T\u00fcrkiye e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce bir tercih yapm\u0131\u015f ve liseler 4 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin maliyet-fayda a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan analizi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? Liselerin d\u00f6rt y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n ne t\u00fcr bir getirisi olmu\u015ftur? M\u00fcfredat buna g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f midir? Bu al\u0131nan karar\u0131n \u00fcniversite kap\u0131s\u0131ndaki y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131n azalmas\u0131nda herhangi bir etkisi olmu\u015f mudur? Bu t\u00fcrden al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n okul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[190,230,232,247],"class_list":["post-207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-selcuk-pehlivanoglu","tag-turk-egitim-dernegi","tag-turkiye","tag-yanlis-tercih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=207"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1920,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207\/revisions\/1920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nGerek kalk\u0131nma planlar\u0131nda, gerekse Milli E\u011fitim \u015euralar\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcz\u00fck ve y\u00f6netmelik \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bunlar ne yaz\u0131k ki, ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalm\u0131\u015f bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc uygulamaya konulamam\u0131\u015f ve okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim hep ihmal edilen bir alan olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eimdi art\u0131k bir yol ayr\u0131m\u0131na gelinmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lacak tercih okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitimden yana kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Liselerin d\u00f6rt y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla kapsaml\u0131 bir m\u00fcfredat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131zca var olan m\u00fcfredat\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u0131llara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu uygulama \u00f6\u011frenci ve velileri oyalaman\u0131n \u00f6tesine gidememi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011frenciler bir sene daha fazla okul \u2013 dershane k\u0131skac\u0131nda ya\u015famaya mahkum edilmi\u015flerdir. Verilen e\u011fitimin niteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilememi\u015f, \u00fcniversite \u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan y\u00fcz binlerce \u00f6\u011frencinin say\u0131s\u0131nda bir azalma olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin art\u0131k yanl\u0131\u015f tercihler ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yaparak zaman kaybetme gibi bir l\u00fcks\u00fc yoktur. E\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan bir yat\u0131r\u0131m alan\u0131d\u0131r. Var olan \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n n\u00fcfusuna, \u2018kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z yetersiz, e\u011fitiminiz i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flayam\u0131yoruz, bug\u00fcn git birka\u00e7 sene sonra gel\u2019 deme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131z yoktur. G\u00fcn\u00fc kurtarmaya y\u00f6nelik, ancak k\u0131sa vadeli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere yarayacak tekil iyile\u015ftirmelerin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ilmesi, t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanacak bir ulusal program\u0131n bir an \u00f6nce uygulamaya konmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden okul \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim ivedilikle ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gerekli reformlar bir an \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, T\u00fcrkiye gelecekteki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018yitik ku\u015fak\u2019 olmaktan kurtarabilsin.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"