2009\u20132010 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde sorulmas\u0131 ve herkesin odaklanmas\u0131 gereken soru \u015fu olmal\u0131d\u0131r: Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir yol haritas\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r yoksa yol nereye giderse oraya m\u0131 gidilmektedir? \u015eu ana kadarki genel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcde, MEB\u2019n\u0131n sorunlara yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Bu da gerek orta\u00f6\u011fretimde gerekse y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimde sorunlar\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orta\u00f6\u011fretimin son yirmi y\u0131l\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, tam bir vur-ka\u00e7 politikas\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu politikalardan yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 tanesi \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir: 1991-1992 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131nda ders ge\u00e7me ve kredili sistem uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, \u2018S\u0131n\u0131fta kalmak kalkt\u0131, ders ge\u00e7mek esast\u0131r\u2019 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7e olarak her y\u0131l 1milyon 300 dolay\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencinin s\u0131n\u0131fta kalmas\u0131 ve bunun devlete y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn 4 trilyondan daha fazla olmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bir ba\u015fka uygulamayla ise \u00fcniversitelere \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6ndermede ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ile dikkat \u00e7eken fen ve Anadolu liselerinin say\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0131zla art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta fen ve Anadolu liselerinin say\u0131lar\u0131 1300’lere dayanm\u0131\u015f ve orta\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131, bir k\u0131s\u0131m okullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok tercih edildi\u011fi ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m okullar\u0131n\u0131n da iddias\u0131z okullar olarak damgaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikili bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle 1998 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Y\u00d6K’\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katsay\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesiyle \u00d6SS ham puan ortalamalar\u0131 y\u00fcksek olan bu okullar daha da avantajl\u0131 konuma gelmi\u015flerdir. Son y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla fen ve Anadolu liseleri ile genel ve meslek\u00ee liselerin aras\u0131ndaki makas iyice a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi bitiren \u00f6\u011frencilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde bu okullar\u0131 kazanabilmek varl\u0131k yokluk meselesi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 562 bin, (2003\u2019de 616 bin), 2004\u2019te 650 bin (2005\u2019te 785 bin) \u00f6\u011frenci 2006\u2019da 798.307 Orta \u00d6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 S\u0131nav\u0131 (OKS)\u2019ye ve 2009\u2019da 1 milyon 27 bin \u00f6\u011frenci Seviye Belirleme S\u0131nav\u0131 (SBS)\u2019ye ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
MEB, Anadolu Liseleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’ne ili\u015fkin de pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerden birine g\u00f6re \u00f6\u011frencilerin, Liselere Giri\u015f S\u0131nav\u0131 (LGS)\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 puana g\u00f6re tercih yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamadan vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f s\u0131nav sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra al\u0131nan puan do\u011frultusunda okul tercihleri yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda LGS\u2019de okuldaki ba\u015far\u0131 notunun etkisi s\u0131f\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, Anadolu liselerine yerle\u015ftirmelerde sadece \u00f6\u011frencinin s\u0131navda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “\u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim 4, 5, 6 ve 7’nci s\u0131n\u0131flardaki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 notlar\u0131n aritmetik ortalamas\u0131 al\u0131narak belli oranda puana etki ettirilir” h\u00fckm\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2005-2006 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere s\u0131nav\u0131n ismi de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek Orta \u00d6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 S\u0131nav\u0131 (OKS) olmu\u015f, liselere giri\u015f s\u0131navlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 tarihlerde ayr\u0131 yap\u0131lan s\u0131navlarken OKS ile \u00f6\u011frenciler tek bir s\u0131nava girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir de ertesi y\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ilan edilen ancak yap\u0131lmayan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler bulunmaktad\u0131rlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 LGS sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken zaman\u0131n bakan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm veli ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fczerindeki etkisinin ne olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeden \u015fu deme\u00e7 verilmi\u015ftir: \u201cGelecek y\u0131l yap\u0131lacak LGS’ye sadece fen, Anadolu, Anadolu \u00f6\u011fretmen, Anadolu meslek, Anadolu imam hatip ve polis kolejlerine girmek isteyen \u00f6\u011frencilerin de\u011fil, di\u011fer orta\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na (d\u00fcz liselere de) devam etmek isteyen t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilerin girmesini mecburi hale getirecektir.\u201d Ancak 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir uygulama yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Liselerin d\u00f6rt y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde kapsaml\u0131 bir m\u00fcfredat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131zca var olan m\u00fcfredat\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u0131llara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu uygulama \u00f6\u011frenci ve velileri oyalaman\u0131n \u00f6tesine gidememi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011frenciler bir sene daha fazla okul \u2013 dershane k\u0131skac\u0131nda ya\u015famaya mahkum edilmi\u015flerdir. Verilen e\u011fitimin niteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilememi\u015f, \u00fcniversite \u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan y\u00fcz binlerce \u00f6\u011frencinin niceliksel say\u0131s\u0131nda bir azalma olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
OKS ile tek oturumda yap\u0131lan eleme s\u0131nav\u0131, SBS ad\u0131 ile 3 seneye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2008-2009 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131nda SBS uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gerek\u00e7esi \u00f6\u011frencilerin yeterliklerini ve ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tek oturumda yap\u0131lan bir s\u0131navla s\u0131nanamayaca\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131l Sonu Ba\u015far\u0131 Puan\u0131 (YBP)\u2018n\u0131n de\u011feri % 25 olarak belirlenmi\u015f yani \u00f6\u011frencilerin y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ald\u0131klar\u0131 notlar yeniden \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde de benzer bir tablo bulunmaktad\u0131r. Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulma d\u00f6nemlerinden 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar lise mezunu say\u0131s\u0131 az oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in fak\u00fclteler kendilerine ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131 s\u0131navs\u0131z kabul etmi\u015ftir. Fak\u00fclteler kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bireysel s\u0131navlar d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir. 1974\u20131980 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00dcniversiteleraras\u0131 Se\u00e7me S\u0131nav\u0131 \u00dcSS uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1981 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren iki a\u015famal\u0131 bir s\u0131nav d\u00fczenine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve \u00dcniversiteleraras\u0131 Se\u00e7me S\u0131nav\u0131 (\u00dcSS) ve \u00dcniversiteleraras\u0131 Yerle\u015ftirme S\u0131nav\u0131 (\u00dcYS) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda iki s\u0131nav verilmi\u015ftir. 1983\u20132000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00d6\u011frenci Se\u00e7me S\u0131nav\u0131 (\u00d6SS) ve \u00d6\u011frenci Yerle\u015ftirme s\u0131nav\u0131 (\u00d6YS) adlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda verilmi\u015ftir. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden tek s\u0131nava d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00d6\u011frenci Se\u00e7me S\u0131nav\u0131 (\u00d6SS) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2002\u2019de \u00d6SS Puan\u0131na g\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirme uygulamas\u0131 yani \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frencinin puan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesi daha sonra bu puana g\u00f6re b\u00f6l\u00fcm se\u00e7mesi uygulamas\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Yabanc\u0131 Dil S\u0131nav\u0131 (YDS) uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren uygulanmak \u00fczere ise y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime ge\u00e7i\u015fte iki a\u015famal\u0131 s\u0131nav sistemi uygulanmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci a\u015fama YGS \u2018Y\u00fcksek \u00d6\u011fretime Ge\u00e7i\u015f\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ikinci a\u015fama ise LYS \u2018Lisans Yerle\u015ftirme S\u0131navlar\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan 5 ayr\u0131 s\u0131navdan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lmak istenen bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin, se\u00e7me kriteri ne olursa olsun ya da s\u0131nav say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131n, bu s\u0131navlarda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan \u00f6\u011frencilerin a\u00e7\u0131kta kalaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6n\u00fcndeki y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmaya ya da kalite sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi ne yaz\u0131k ki bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yok edilememektedir. 28 ilde 41 lisenin 2008 \u00d6SS\u2019de 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k okullara tek bir \u00f6\u011frenci bile yerle\u015ftirememi\u015f olmas\u0131 e\u011fitimdeki nitelik sorununun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en net g\u00f6stergesidir. \u00d6SS sistemi y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde \u2018dershanele\u015fen okul\u2019 ve \u2018okul\u2019 yerine dershane\u2019 gibi yeni kavramlar\u0131n hayat\u0131m\u0131za girmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcniversitelerin herhangi bir 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k lisans program\u0131na kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rabilenler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak, bu \u00f6\u011frencilerin az\u0131msanamayacak bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fcniversitede ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu \u00f6\u011frencilerin niteliksiz\/yetersiz alt yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve kavramaya\/uygulamaya dayal\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcreci yerine ezbere dayal\u0131 dershane talimi s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7iyor olmalar\u0131 bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel nedenidir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak e\u011fitim sistemimizin genel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yledir: 2009\u20132010 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde sorulmas\u0131 ve herkesin odaklanmas\u0131 gereken soru \u015fu olmal\u0131d\u0131r: Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir yol haritas\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r yoksa yol nereye giderse oraya m\u0131 gidilmektedir? \u015eu ana kadarki genel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcde, MEB\u2019n\u0131n sorunlara yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Bu da gerek orta\u00f6\u011fretimde gerekse y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimde sorunlar\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[82,86,190,230],"class_list":["post-204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-egitim","tag-egitim-sistemi","tag-selcuk-pehlivanoglu","tag-turk-egitim-dernegi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=204"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1908,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions\/1908"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.selcukpehlivanoglu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\u2022 Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zetlenen t\u00fcm bu de\u011fi\u015fimler bir kalite art\u0131\u015f\u0131, verimlilik ve devaml\u0131l\u0131k sa\u011flayamamakta, ka\u011f\u0131t m\u00fchendisli\u011finden \u00f6teye gidilememektedir.
\n\u2022 Orta\u00f6\u011fretimde okul ya da s\u0131nav adlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek reform anlam\u0131na gelmemekte, sonu\u00e7lar de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir.
\n\u2022 E\u011fitim sistemimizi sembol harflerle y\u00f6netmeye (MEB, LGS, OKS, SBS, ,\u00d6SS, Y\u00d6K vs.) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Bug\u00fcne kadar uygulanan e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131, insan haklar\u0131 bildirgesi ve Anayasa\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 \u00dcniversite kazan\u0131lamamakta, kazan\u0131lsa istenen b\u00f6l\u00fcmde okunamamakta, b\u00f6l\u00fcm bitirilememekte, bitirilse i\u015f bulunamamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye yanl\u0131\u015f tercihler ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yaparak s\u00fcrekli bir zaman kaybetme l\u00fcks\u00fc kullanmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 E\u011fitim sistemi yanl\u0131\u015fken \u00f6l\u00e7me de\u011ferlendirme sistemi de do\u011fru olamamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 \u201cMinimum standartlar\u201d \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve esneklik sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in insan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve sosyal sermeyenin geli\u015ftirilmesinde yeni bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m olu\u015fturulamamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Sistem \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir kap\u0131\u2019 yerine \u2018d\u00f6nen kap\u0131\u2019ya el vermektedir.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"